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Humanistic education
Humanistic education (also called person-centered education) is an approach to education based on the work of humanistic psychologists, most notably Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Carl Rogers has been called the "Father of Humanistic Psychology" and devoted much of his efforts toward applying the results of his psychological research to person-centered teaching where empathy, caring about students, and genuineness on the part of the learning facilitator were found to be the key traits of the most effective teachers. He edited a series of books dealing with humanistic education in his "Studies of the Person Series," which included his book, ''Freedom to Learn''〔Rogers, Carl R. ''Freedom to Learn''. Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill, 1969〕 and ''Learning to Feel - Feeling to Learn - Humanistic Education for the Whole Man,'' by Harold C. Lyon, Jr.〔Lyon, Harold C. Jr. ''Learning to Feel - Feeling to Learn''. Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill. 1971.〕 In the 1970s the term "humanistic education" became less popular after conservative groups equated it with "Secular Humanism" and attacked the writings of Harold Lyon as being anti-Christian. That began a successful effort by Aspy, Lyon, Rogers, and others to re-label it "person-centered teaching", replacing the term "humanistic education." In a more general sense the term includes the work of other humanistic pedagogues, such as Rudolf Steiner,〔"The Waldorf Schools offer an approach to humanistic education which has stood the test of time." Sarah W. Foster, "An Introduction to Waldorf Education", ''The Clearing House'', Vol. 57, No. 5 (Jan., 1984), pp. 228-230〕〔Timothy Leonard, ''Pedagogies of the Imagination: Mythopoetic Curriculum in Educational Practice'', Springer 2008, p. 232〕〔R. C. S. Trahair, ''Utopias and Utopians: an historical dictionary'', Greenwood Press, 1999, p. 348〕 and Maria Montessori. All of these approaches seek to engage the "whole person": the intellect, feeling life, social capacities, and artistic and practical skills are all important focuses for growth and development. Important objectives include developing children's self-esteem, their ability to set and achieve appropriate goals, and their development toward full autonomy.
==History==
Humanistic education has its roots in Renaissance philosophers who emphasised the study of the humanities: grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry and moral philosophy; these in turn built upon Classical models of education.〔Paul Oskar Kristeller, Renaissance Thought II: Papers on Humanism and the Arts (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1965), p. 178.〕
The growing Humanist-inspired emphasis on education in Scotland cumulated with the passing of the Education Act 1496.
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